The Microsoft Antitrust Case essays

The Microsoft Antitrust Case essays The case against Microsoft was brought buy the U.S. Department of Justice, as well as several state Attorneys General. Microsoft is accused of using and maintaining monopoly power to gain an unfair advantage in the market. The case has been under observation for a long time, but the Justice department is having trouble coming up with substantial evidence against Microsoft. Specifically, the Department must prove: That Microsoft has monopoly power and is using it to gain unfair leverage in the market. And that Microsoft has maintained this monopoly power through exclusionary or predatory acts(Rule). Some say that Microsoft is only taking advantage of its position in the market and using innovative marketing strategies to attract new customers. They have chosen to implement a market development strategy to attract new customers who are looking for a system that has Internet capability. Microsoft feels that by integrating their Internet Explorer web browser technology into Windows, they are only improving its overall functionality available to the customer. Microsoft began expanding into the browser area because of increasing threat from Netscape and Java. Java is the programming language used to make Netscape. Programs that are written in Java can work on any PC, whether it has Windows on it or not. That is why there is a great threat to the Windows environment. The more Netscape is used, the more other vendors will begin writing Netscape compliant programs and the more Java will be used, which puts a damper on Windows. So Windows introduced their Internet explorer to combat the increasing Netscape usage. It did not do this to create a monopoly, but to protect itself. If people realize that Java programs can be run on ANY PC, then they will realize that they do not need to buy Windows. Some say that Microsoft began its illegal̶...

The Caucasian Chalk Circle Essays

The Caucasian Chalk Circle Essays The Caucasian Chalk Circle Essay The Caucasian Chalk Circle Essay Research investigation: What Verfremdungs Effekts does Brecht script in Caucasian Chalk Circle and how effective are these techniques in the dramatic movement of transformation? United World College in Mostar Student: Selmir Klicic Teacher: Melissa Ann Reed Subject: Theater Block: E First factor I would like to mention when it comes to this kind of topic is audience. The audience was always to big extent demanding for an author and a director to send the message throughout a work of art, a theater play which would be understood in proper way. Mostly concerning this problem, world’s biggest play writers developed a theory being practiced in their plays in order for better understanding of the idea by the audience. One of these theories is today called Verfremdungs Effekt or alienation effect. This significant influence was initiated by Shakespeare at first, who, using his drama plays applied V – effect for better understanding of his, usually very complicated plot. The theory kept being developed since it was first invented. A person who contributed to development of V – effect the most was Bertolt Brecht by inventing a completely new type of theater, nowdays called Brechtian Theater. His contribution was mostly based on Shakespeares theory, and it was just used as a pose and strategy to bring about the change by engaging the imagination and creative critisism. „We need a type of theatre which not only releases the feelings, insights and impulses possible within the particular historical field of human relations in which the action takes place, but employs and encourages those thoughts and feelings which help t ransform the field itself. – Brecht From the quote above we could conclude that what was important for Brecht wasnt the fiction actors would make by their performance, but the message that is contained in plot. As an example of this theory, and as my research investigation task I will take Brechts play Caucasian Chalk Circle, as well as the goal of this essay would be based on the same play. The actual goal of the research investigation is to conclude how Verfremdungs Effekt contributes to the undestranding of the idea and message being sent by the play. As it would be too long to analyze a complete piece, my research will be based on one scene from Caucasian Chalk Circle. The certain scene is the one in which two mothers are fighting about a child just like two farmers are fighting about the land. By this scene it would be possible to present the idea of emphasizing the important issues of society Brecht was trying to make us be aware of. The method that I am planning to use in the experiment is performing this scene in front of the audience two times. First time it would be without using V – effect and the second time should be performed with it. The significant thing is the reaction of audience and their opinion, as long as the research investigation is based on proper understanding of idealism being contained in a drama piece, for which audience is vital. To know the understanding of the audience I should ask questions concerning their perception of the plot. So the questions should take under the consideration both parts of the experiment. Knowing that the audience is more or less educated and familiar with the idea of V – effect, question should be prescribed as simple. 1. According to you, what was the idea of this scene? (this question should be asked after performing the first part, which has no V – effect in its performance) 2. What kind of the impression do the characters leave on you by their act in the first part, and what kind of the impression do they leave in second part? 3. Did V – effect change your understanding and prescription in second scene? If yes, please evaluate. I think that a conclusion could be properly finalized after these questions answered by the audience, are analyzed afterwards.

3 Tips for Producing Consistent Written Content

3 Tips for Producing Consistent Written Content 3 Tips for Producing Consistent Written Content 3 Tips for Producing Consistent Written Content By Mark Nichol There are many editorial strategies for making text easy to write, edit, and read. Here are a few guidelines for simplifying how your company, organization, or publication (even if it’s merely a personal blog) produces content. 1. Minimize House Style â€Å"House style† refers to treatment of specialized terminology and treatment of spelling, capitalization, numbers, or punctuation that differs from the norm. Before you decide to routinely spell a word in a variant or obsolete form (for example, writing archeology instead of archaeology), capitalize generic words (â€Å"The Company is dedicated to excellence†), use a numeral rather than spelling the number out (â€Å"We have 5 guiding principles†), or go against custom in formatting punctuation (for example, employing single quotation marks instead of double quotation marks), consider whether the divergence is worth the effort- and, if so, publicize and document the decision so that all content your organization produces is consistent. The more clear and thorough your house style is, the easier it is to maintain high-quality content. On the other hand, the less extensive and cumbersome your house style is, because there are fewer exceptions to attend to, the easier it is to maintain high-quality content. 2. Always Use the Serial Comma Many publications follow the Associated Press Style Book’s policy of omitting serial commas. (The serial comma is the last comma in a list such as â€Å"apples, oranges, and pears.†) Unfortunately, this modest effort to simplify by avoiding an optional punctuation mark actually complicates matters: When a list contains an element that includes a conjunction (â€Å"apples, oranges and tangerines and pears†), the sentence organization is compromised, so an exception must be made, which results in inconsistency. For the sake of uniformity and simplicity, always include a serial comma, the recommendation of The Chicago Manual of Style, the handbook of record for many book publishers and other content producers. On a related note, use semicolons for lists only when the presence of one or more commas within one or more list elements creates ambiguity, especially when one or more elements of the list is itself a list (â€Å"apples, oranges, and pears; milk and cheese; and bread†). The length of the list, and the presence of conjunctions within list elements, are not factors. 3. Capitalize Only When Necessary Capitalize proper names only, and capitalize job titles only before names. Generic abbreviations of entity names (â€Å"the company,† â€Å"the board,† â€Å"the department†) and references to concepts (â€Å"human resources†) are not proper names (though â€Å"Human Resources† is correct as the name of a specific department). Capitalization rules about art movements, medical and scientific terminology, geological and historical eras, and other scientific or cultural phenomena can seem (and sometimes are) arbitrary, so double-check reliable editorial resources. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Writing Basics category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:100 Idioms About Numbers16 Misquoted Quotations10 Functions of the Comma

Organisation Theory and Behaviour Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Organisation Theory and Behaviour - Essay Example Everything that a human being needs for his/her survival, health and safety is dependant, either directly or indirectly, on the natural environment.   The concept of sustainability is based on this simple principle. Sustainability helps in creating and maintaining the environment under which nature and human can subsist in productive accord that allows satisfying the social and economic needs of present and future generations2. As there has been growing interest in the concept of sustainability in recent years, the focus of organizations has also shifted towards this concept. There are three assumptions as to why managers would show interest in sustainability. The first being, that most of the businesses have interest in creating value in the long-standing. Managers are very much concerned about the repute of the organization. With people being more aware about how an organization might harm the environment and nature has resulted in mangers being responsible socially and economica lly3. Second of these is that if the conduct of organization is destructive and is harmful to the social and natural environment, it will ultimately pressurize the managers in shape of direct or indirect costs. Formal penalties might be imposed by the government or damaged relationship with important stakeholders such as; shareholders, employees and customers as consequences of careless and irresponsible social behaviour may result in loss of value. Thirdly, new mercantile opportunities for business can be created by pursuing sustainable growth. This would help in developing and marketing new services and goods that would undoubtedly increase profits and assist in achieving the objective of sustainability4. COMMENTS, CRITIC, EVALUATE AND APPLICATION As more emphasis is placed on sustainability the leaders of businesses, inclusive of multinational organizations as well as the singularly owned companies, face the unprecedented and unique challenge of planning organization culture that cater to achieve sustainability. The organization design and culture should be such that, that it serves to a broad range of stakeholders and ensures that business is sustainable within their physical, market, social, and financial realms. The corporate board of directors must be able to provide strategic directions and an oversight that stretches further than short-term financial performance and recognize social, environmental and governance responsibility of the organization and are essential to its performance in the long-term sustainability5. This requires organizations to be tactically positioned within the distinctive intersection of corporate citizenship, environmental stewardship, financial strength, and product/service excellence. A great amount of attention is required to the intricacies of the internal and external environments of the organization for designing it to achieve and uphold a strategic outlook deftly balanced within the nexus of sustainability. In order to ac hieve this balance, leaders must seek to build up an incorporated perceptive of organization culture, design and sustainability by: Organization’s background and the cultural mind-sets of its employees must be explored in order to design effective, high quality, and sustainable work environments; cultural factors must be considered and used to impede and facilitate sustainable organization des

Heather Fraser, Mae Shaw and Paulo Freires View of Communitarianism Essay

Heather Fraser, Mae Shaw and Paulo Freires View of Communitarianism - Essay Example From the report findings it is clear a community represents a high level of employing an elementary preposition of political and social contribution. Neighbourhoods, families and churches all form part of the entire community despite the political and moral interpretations. Despite many differences across the globe, a community constitutes shared values and goals that coincide with the individual interests. In addition, community members have an instrumental value that built a personal relationship for different members to enjoy a sense of ownership. Most importantly, members of a community enjoy a sense of identity that allows them to enjoy various present conditions. The paper states that friendship has been an instrumental factor in defining different relationships. On other hand, this has failed in many instances, as it does not converge solidarity. Arguably, this is because of communal concerns and other issues such as sexual practices as well as understanding of the universe. Above all, communitarianism remains a viewpoint that has significantly affected the community. Despite going through change from one community to another, the term community probably remains an umbrella words that has not change meaning but only use. In his book, Four different approaches to community participation Heather Fraser presents a theoretical orientation of communitarianism from different approaches.

Economic history Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Economic history - Assignment Example The insatiable quest for many profits necessitated the involvement of many workers and extensive labor division. Meaning that employees could work in different locations, anonymous to each other, with the aim of producing various parts for the same commodity. This led to each producer developing a sense of isolation and loneliness, which in the end translated to producers emerging as egoistic. This state of egoism led to a natural state of war with each fighting solely against a myriad others. However, this state of war could only be controlled if there were a central party which every producer would submit to and in turn gain protection from the rest producers. This was explained by Hobbes in his writing where he stressed that it was only after submission to an absolute monarch that individuals would escape the conflict existing among them. Economic specialization, on the other hand, explained the co-existence of different producers in the market system to help each other survive. There was complete dependence on each other for successful functioning of the market. Economic specialization was important as it provided for a relatively free functioning market where producers assisted each other produce and in turn benefit (Hunt 128). Labor and economic specialization contradict each other in that for the former, producers worked in isolation that prompted a feeling of competition among each other. For the latter, however, producers work to benefit each other. There is no single producer that can exist without the other. In conclusion, human beings have a desire to achieve pleasure but avoid pain with his nature being competitive and egoistic. Specialization of labor is meant to maximize profits and speed up production in any market system. When producers are left to work independent, there is the development of an

Measuring the reactions of the enzymes catecholase in different levels Lab Report

Measuring the reactions of the enzymes catecholase in different levels of pH in different tempereture - Lab Report Example Temperature rise of about 10oC normally doubles or triples the rate of enzymatic reactions. However beyond the optimum temperature the enzyme activity decreases. If catecholase activity is minimally affected at different temperatures and pH then it can be hypothesized that it has a large range of optimal activity. The aim of this experiment was to test the effect of temperature and pH on the enzymatic activity of catecholase. The effect of catecholase enyme at different temperatures, 0 and 37oC were tested at different levels of pH 2, 4, 7 and 12. Three tubes for each pH were set up and labelled A, B and C. To three tubes in each pH 3ml of the pH solution was added and 2ml of banana extract (substrate). To two tubes 1ml of the enzyme (potato extract) was added while the third tube the enzyme was not added and acted as the control. The test tubes were then shaken and put in the appropriate temperature and the optical density measured after three minutes. The reaction rate was the highest at all temperatures at pH 7. At room temperature the reaction rate was the highest in the tube without the enzyme. pH 4 and 12 had the lowest reaction rates at all temperatures. The reaction rates were highest between 0oC and room temperature in the presence of catecholase and lowest at 0oC without the enzyme. Catechol oxidase (catecholase) is a polyphenol oxidase enzyme present in many plants (Aniszewski et al. 2008). It is responsible for catalysing the reaction between oxygen and hydroxylated benzenes leading to the production of quinines and water. The enzyme mediated reaction rate was the highest at physiological pH and at temperatures between zero and room temperature. This shows that the enzyme has a large range of optimal temperatures. However, it has a narrow range of optimal pH. The narrow pH range during which catecholase activity was the highest is due to the effect of pH on the redox